The UK economic outlook for 2025 remains sluggish, with recent data showing minimal growth. The economy expanded by just 0.1% in the last quarter of 2024, primarily due to government spending and stockpiling, rather than private sector investment. Consumer spending remained stagnant, while business investment declined, reflecting weak economic confidence.
Government Spending Keeps Economy Afloat
Public sector expenditure continued to drive growth in 2024, as the private sector showed little momentum. While retail sales in January 2025 saw a 2.1% increase (excluding fuel), this was largely due to seasonal shopping trends. Experts remain cautious about whether this signals a sustainable recovery.
Housing Market Sees Some Recovery
The housing sector has shown signs of resilience. Mortgage approvals are nearing pre-pandemic levels, and house prices have risen by 2.2%, surpassing their August 2022 peak. This growth is attributed to recent Bank of England (BoE) interest rate cuts, which have made borrowing more affordable.
Global Trade Uncertainty Poses Risks
Despite slight improvements, the UK economy faces significant risks in 2025. Fiscal tightening measures and potential US tariffs linked to Trump’s trade policies could slow growth to just 1% this year. Given the UK’s trade surplus with the US, the extent of the impact remains uncertain, but business confidence is already dipping.
Job Market Weakens, Wage Growth Under Pressure
Signs of labour market weakness are emerging. Payroll data from HMRC revealed two consecutive months of job losses, while employment surveys indicate further contraction. The planned increase in employers’ National Insurance contributions in April could hit sectors like hospitality and retail the hardest.
While wage growth reached 6% year-on-year at the end of 2024, analysts expect this to slow down in 2025. The 6.7% rise in the national living wage will add some upward pressure, but overall wage increases are likely to moderate as businesses cut costs.
Inflation Pressures Impact BoE Policy
Inflation is back on the rise, reaching 3% in January 2025. This increase was driven by higher service-sector costs, rising food prices, and VAT reinstatement on private school fees. Inflation is forecasted to hit 3.3% by Q3 2025, fueled by energy price hikes and rising labour costs.
Despite these challenges, core inflation is expected to ease later in the year, allowing the Bank of England to continue cutting interest rates. Analysts predict that the BoE’s policy rate will fall to 3.75% by the end of 2025, with the next 25-basis-point cut expected in May.
UK Economic Outlook For 2025 – Final Thoughts!
The UK’s economic recovery remains fragile, with global trade uncertainty, rising inflation, and a weakening job market all weighing on growth. While the housing sector shows some positive signs, concerns over business investment and consumer spending suggest that 2025 will be a challenging year for the UK economy.
